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\"At this very moment a low sound of distant thunder fell upon my ear. In almost an exact western direction a dark spiral cloud was rising above the horizon and sent forth a murmur. I almost fancied a voice of divine indignation for the wrongs of my poor and unhappy countrymen, driven by brutal power from all they loved and cherished in the land of their fathers, to gratify the cravings of avarice.\" - Cherokee leader William Shorey Coodey

The government-led process that came to be known as \"Indian Removal\" occurred over a period of many years and involved numerous tribes of Native people. Georgians were singularly aggressive in their resolve to remove their Native populations, primarily Muscogee and Cherokee, and had secured what they believed was a firm promise from the U.S. government to do so when they surrendered the part of their claimed territory in 1802 which eventually became the states of Alabama and Mississippi. These long-simmering tensions finally came to a boil with the election of populist U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1828, leading to the Indian Removal Act and the eventual forced removal of tribes in the Southeast. This series of events later came to be known as the Trail of Tears, and for the Cherokee Nation it dealt a devastating challenge to their long struggle to maintain sovereignty in their Appalachian homeland. The Trail of Tears is now a federally recognized National Historic Trail administered by the National Park Service, covering over 5,045 miles across nine\nstates, interpreting what has long been recognized as a pivotal event in the history of our nation. This driving tour focuses on the military round-up that occurred in the spring of 1838 in Northwest Georgia. This tour, developed by the Funk Heritage Center with funding from the Georgia Humanities and in partnership with the Georgia chapter of the Trail of Tears Association, will give you a better understanding of the\ncircumstances leading up to the Cherokee Removal, the initial round-up of the\nCherokee by government troops, and the effect of these horrifying events\non the Cherokee who lived in present-day Georgia. While some of the stops on\nthis tour have only a historic marker to indicate the events that happened there,\nothers are fully-developed interpretive sites and museums that grapple with the effects of the Trail of Tears\nhistorically, individually, and collectively.

","flat_pages",[836],"id",20,"is_geo",true,"link_address","link_text","map_icon","map_overlay","map_type","hybrid","media",[797,798,799,800],"meta_description","","mode",{"_35":144,"_74":794},"modes",[785,786,787,788],"open_geographies_endpoint","published","published_on","2026-09-10","read_duration","21 minutes reading","restrict_bounds","restrict_bounds_to_overlay","sanitized_description","\"At this very moment a low sound of distant thunder fell upon my ear. In almost an exact western direction a dark spiral cloud was rising above the horizon and sent forth a murmur. I almost fancied a voice of divine indignation for the wrongs of my poor and unhappy countrymen, driven by brutal power from all they loved and cherished in the land of their fathers, to gratify the cravings of avarice.\" - Cherokee leader William Shorey Coodey The government-led process that came to be known as \"Indian Removal\" occurred over a period of many years and involved numerous tribes of Native people. Georgians were singularly aggressive in their resolve to remove their Native populations, primarily Muscogee and Cherokee, and had secured what they believed was a firm promise from the U. S. government to do so when they surrendered the part of their claimed territory in 1802 which eventually became the states of Alabama and Mississippi. These long-simmering tensions finally came to a boil with the election of populist U. S. President Andrew Jackson in 1828, leading to the Indian Removal Act and the eventual forced removal of tribes in the Southeast. This series of events later came to be known as the Trail of Tears, and for the Cherokee Nation it dealt a devastating challenge to their long struggle to maintain sovereignty in their Appalachian homeland. The Trail of Tears is now a federally recognized National Historic Trail administered by the National Park Service, covering over 5,045 miles across nine\nstates, interpreting what has long been recognized as a pivotal event in the history of our nation. This driving tour focuses on the military round-up that occurred in the spring of 1838 in Northwest Georgia. This tour, developed by the Funk Heritage Center with funding from the Georgia Humanities and in partnership with the Georgia chapter of the Trail of Tears Association, will give you a better understanding of the\ncircumstances leading up to the Cherokee Removal, the initial round-up of the\nCherokee by government troops, and the effect of these horrifying events\non the Cherokee who lived in present-day Georgia. While some of the stops on\nthis tour have only a historic marker to indicate the events that happened there,\nothers are fully-developed interpretive sites and museums that grapple with the effects of the Trail of Tears\nhistorically, individually, and collectively.","splash",{"_74":782,"_137":783,"_138":784},"slug","slugs",[16],"stop_count",17,"stops",[86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102],"tenant_title","Georgia Humanities","title","Trail of Tears: Indian Removal in Georgia","travel_duration","About 7 hours 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Oakman, GA, USA","article_link","

Rockdale Plantation is a private residence and not open to\nthe public.

George Washington Adair was an extremely wealthy man; in\n1835 he owned 30 acres of cultivated fields and had eight houses. Despite his\nfather’s strong stance against removal, Adair joined the Treaty Party, signing\nthe Treaty of New Echota along with Major Ridge, John Ridge, Elias Boudinot,\nand several others. The treaty gave the Cherokee until May 23, 1838, to remove\nvoluntarily, though Adair and his family were some of the few who took the\nopportunity.

Still, he was not safe from the threat of execution for treason that\nplagued the other members of the Treaty Party, even seeking protection at Fort\nGibson in present-day Muskogee County, Oklahoma. A treaty of amnesty was signed\nin 1846, leaving Adair as one of the few Treaty Party members not assassinated.

This 47-acre plantation features 18 unique historical\nlocations. Including the Adair house, built in 1785 and occupied by George\nWashington Adair. The home is about 6,000 acres in size and has been well\npreserved. George and his father Walter were Cherokee politicians and part of\nthe Cherokee Elite. The plantation’s features include a smokehouse and\nspringhouse foundation, a well and chicken coop, and a blacksmith shop\nfoundation.

Conclusion

Upon arriving in Ross’s Landing, Tennessee, conditions only\nworsened for the Cherokees. By foot or by water, thousands of Cherokee were herded like cattle\nover 5,045 total miles to the West (what now comprises the state of Oklahoma).

The Cherokee removal was an act of American opportunistic\noppression. Being forced west took the Cherokee from the bones of their\nancestors to a new land, with new waterways and resources. Still, just as they\nhad adapted to change in Georgia, the Cherokee would come to thrive on the\nunknown Western landscape.

\"O how heart rending was the sight of those little\nsufferers, their little lips blue and trembling with cold...We wept and wept\nagain....Our prayer is that these dear children, who must doubtless be soon\nushered into eternity, may be taken into the arms of their Redeemer.\" -- Rev. Daniel S. Butrick, May, 1838

","direction_intro","direction_notes","

","icon_color","#D32F2F",311,"lat",34.552557,"lng",-84.70736,[141,142],"orphaned","parking_lat","parking_lng","Rockdale Plantation is a private residence and not open to\nthe public. George Washington Adair was an extremely wealthy man; in\n1835 he owned 30 acres of cultivated fields and had eight houses. Despite his\nfather’s strong stance against removal, Adair joined the Treaty Party, signing\nthe Treaty of New Echota along with Major Ridge, John Ridge, Elias Boudinot,\nand several others. The treaty gave the Cherokee until May 23, 1838, to remove\nvoluntarily, though Adair and his family were some of the few who took the\nopportunity. Still, he was not safe from the threat of execution for treason that\nplagued the other members of the Treaty Party, even seeking protection at Fort\nGibson in present-day Muskogee County, Oklahoma. A treaty of amnesty was signed\nin 1846, leaving Adair as one of the few Treaty Party members not assassinated. This 47-acre plantation features 18 unique historical\nlocations. Including the Adair house, built in 1785 and occupied by George\nWashington Adair. The home is about 6,000 acres in size and has been well\npreserved. George and his father Walter were Cherokee politicians and part of\nthe Cherokee Elite. The plantation’s features include a smokehouse and\nspringhouse foundation, a well and chicken coop, and a blacksmith shop\nfoundation. ConclusionUpon arriving in Ross’s Landing, Tennessee, conditions only\nworsened for the Cherokees. By foot or by water, thousands of Cherokee were herded like cattle\nover 5,045 total miles to the West (what now comprises the state of Oklahoma).The Cherokee removal was an act of American opportunistic\noppression. Being forced west took the Cherokee from the bones of their\nancestors to a new land, with new waterways and resources. Still, just as they\nhad adapted to change in Georgia, the Cherokee would come to thrive on the\nunknown Western landscape.\"O how heart rending was the sight of those little\nsufferers, their little lips blue and trembling with cold...We wept and wept\nagain....Our prayer is that these dear children, who must doubtless be soon\nushered into eternity, may be taken into the arms of their Redeemer.\" -- Rev. Daniel S. Butrick, May, 1838","george-washington-adair-property-rockdale-plantation",[140,128,128],{"_74":136,"_137":-5,"_138":139},"George Washington Adair Property/ Rockdale Plantation ","stop","video_embed","video_poster",[],"Rockdale Plantation Image.jpg","caption","url","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/i8sseew8py95dskz5ywdlsum9fkk?variant=desktop","untitled",{"_107":174,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":175,"_151":176,"_35":177,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":175,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":136,"_163":-5},{"_107":143,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":152,"_35":153,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":150,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":162,"_163":-5},817,2,"desktop_width",1500,"embed","embed_id","filename","16439923996.jpeg","files",{"_164":165,"_166":167,"_168":169,"_170":171,"_172":173},924,"lqip_width","mobile_width",300,"original_image","provider","keiner","tablet_width",750,"Rocdale plantation cabin.jpg","video","original","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/q3sn717g5o4l09chok09tup73nbd","mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/q3sn717g5o4l09chok09tup73nbd?variant=mobile","tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/q3sn717g5o4l09chok09tup73nbd?variant=tablet","desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/q3sn717g5o4l09chok09tup73nbd?variant=desktop","lqip","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/q3sn717g5o4l09chok09tup73nbd?variant=lqip",816,"16439895875.jpeg",{"_164":178,"_166":179,"_168":180,"_170":139,"_172":181},923,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/i8sseew8py95dskz5ywdlsum9fkk","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/i8sseew8py95dskz5ywdlsum9fkk?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/i8sseew8py95dskz5ywdlsum9fkk?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/i8sseew8py95dskz5ywdlsum9fkk?variant=lqip",266,"fort-buffington","Fort Buffington",{"_35":118,"_65":128,"_74":131},16,{"_35":210,"_65":211,"_74":212},268,"4589 Cumming Hwy, Canton, GA 30115, USA","

Website: Fort Buffington – Georgia Historical Society (georgiahistory.com)

Though it is the last fort on our tour, Fort Buffington was\nthe first fortified post outside of New Echota. In the fall of 1837, Ezekiel\nBuffington was ordered from New Echota to Canton with instructions to build\nstables, huts, and any other necessary buildings. Possibly because of its\nproximity to white settlers in addition to being an early post, Fort Buffington\nbecame one of two repositories for munitions during the Removal.

\n\n

By the second day of the roundup, Buffington and his company\ncaptured over 400 Cherokee. This did not satisfy General Floyd, who, on June 2^nd,\ncomplained that the officers at both Fort Buffington and Sixes had not sent\ntheir prisoners to Ross’s Landing quickly enough; Fort Buffington had their\nprisoners in Ross’s Landing on June 9^th.

Free to all visitors.

","

",34.24077233,-84.41457987,[201],"Website: Fort Buffington – Georgia Historical Society (georgiahistory. com)Though it is the last fort on our tour, Fort Buffington was\nthe first fortified post outside of New Echota. In the fall of 1837, Ezekiel\nBuffington was ordered from New Echota to Canton with instructions to build\nstables, huts, and any other necessary buildings. Possibly because of its\nproximity to white settlers in addition to being an early post, Fort Buffington\nbecame one of two repositories for munitions during the Removal. \n\nBy the second day of the roundup, Buffington and his company\ncaptured over 400 Cherokee. This did not satisfy General Floyd, who, on June 2nd,\ncomplained that the officers at both Fort Buffington and Sixes had not sent\ntheir prisoners to Ross’s Landing quickly enough; Fort Buffington had their\nprisoners in Ross’s Landing on June 9th. Free to all visitors.",[140,183,183],{"_74":184,"_137":199,"_138":200},[],"cred. Carl Vinson","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/47k3txsjy30r7c03damjtcls7v6e?variant=desktop",{"_107":202,"_104":24,"_137":199,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":203,"_151":204,"_35":205,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":203,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":184,"_163":-5},708,"16282791440.jpeg",{"_164":206,"_166":207,"_168":208,"_170":200,"_172":209},795,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/47k3txsjy30r7c03damjtcls7v6e","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/47k3txsjy30r7c03damjtcls7v6e?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/47k3txsjy30r7c03damjtcls7v6e?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/47k3txsjy30r7c03damjtcls7v6e?variant=lqip",265,"funk-heritage-center","Funk Heritage Center",{"_35":182,"_65":183,"_74":184},15,{"_35":248,"_65":249,"_74":250},267,"Bennett History Mesuem, Baxter Ave, Waleska, GA 30183, USA","

Website: About the Center - Reinhardt University

Phone: 770-720-5970

All told, it took 20 days to round up the Cherokee people\nfrom home and hearth and march them to camps where they slept on the bare\nground, adjacent to the forts that had been built for the soldiers and their\nsupplies. Cherokee County had two of these forts, and the route that connected them to Ft. Wool aligned with the state highway that now bisects Reinhardt University. Nathaniel Reinhardt recorded the Removal scene in his diary:

\"In 1835-- Father bought a tract of land on the old Pinelog Road some two miles from his mill-place ... In the spring (1838) many U.S. soldiers were passing through the country for the purpose of collecting and removing the Cherokee Indians to the West. They frequently lodged at night at Father's. Saw old Fo(r)ekiller, a neighbor Indian, just after he had been arrested by the soldiers, who were carrying him to Fort Buffington. They treated him rather cruelly, which excited my sympathies very much in his favor. The old Indian desired to see father, who solicited better treatment on his behalf. He left all his keys with Father. After the Indians had been collected by the soldiers and started on their final march off, they came near our house the first night and camped. I caught the measles from a soldier who lodged with us that night, and had them severely. One of the neighbors came and stated the night at Father's from feat of injury by the Indians.\" -- Nathaniel Reinhardt

The military was quick and efficient, and the Cherokees only had to wait a few days before being forced\nto walk to Tennessee removal camps. There, many were immediately removed to the West by water on flatboats. The rest waited in deportation camps through the\nTennessee summer. Both groups were riddled with disease and death.

The Funk Heritage Center at Reinhardt University is a Trail of Tears Certified\nInterpretive Site with an entire gallery devoted to the Cherokee Removal. Since its\nopening in 1999, the Center has worked to tell the story of the\nindigenous peoples of Northwest Georgia, from the Paleoindian period through\nthe Trail of Tears. for the most recent exhibit, which discusses the years leading up to the Trail of Tears, descendants of the Fourkiller family that lived next to the Reinhardts in the 19th century were contacted and involved with the creation and opening of the exhibit. Many branches of the Fourkiller family are thriving today, both in the West and back in the ancestral Eastern homelands, in places like North Carolina.

\n\n\n\n\n\n

Entrance to the Funk Heritage Center museum grants access to all galleries &\nexhibits and a viewing of the award-winning film The Southeastern Indians.

The center includes an exhibit area interpreting 12,000 years of American Indian life through artifacts, dioramas, and interactive computer programs. A large collection of contemporary American Indian artwork includes paintings, baskets, sculpture, and pottery. There is also an Appalachian Settlement behind the center where visitors can look at cabins or during special events interact with a blacksmith and other activities.

Tuesday-Friday- 9 - 4 pm

Saturday-10 - 4 pm

Closed December 20th – January 4th

Adult 18 & up $7.00

Seniors over 65 $6.50

Children under 18 $5.00

Visitors can park in the front parking lot located in front of the center.

","

",34.32100546,-84.5497024,[228,229],"Website: About the Center - Reinhardt UniversityPhone: 770-720-5970All told, it took 20 days to round up the Cherokee people\nfrom home and hearth and march them to camps where they slept on the bare\nground, adjacent to the forts that had been built for the soldiers and their\nsupplies. Cherokee County had two of these forts, and the route that connected them to Ft. Wool aligned with the state highway that now bisects Reinhardt University. Nathaniel Reinhardt recorded the Removal scene in his diary:\"In 1835-- Father bought a tract of land on the old Pinelog Road some two miles from his mill-place ... In the spring (1838) many U. S. soldiers were passing through the country for the purpose of collecting and removing the Cherokee Indians to the West. They frequently lodged at night at Father's. Saw old Fo(r)ekiller, a neighbor Indian, just after he had been arrested by the soldiers, who were carrying him to Fort Buffington. They treated him rather cruelly, which excited my sympathies very much in his favor. The old Indian desired to see father, who solicited better treatment on his behalf. He left all his keys with Father. After the Indians had been collected by the soldiers and started on their final march off, they came near our house the first night and camped. I caught the measles from a soldier who lodged with us that night, and had them severely. One of the neighbors came and stated the night at Father's from feat of injury by the Indians.\" -- Nathaniel ReinhardtThe military was quick and efficient, and the Cherokees only had to wait a few days before being forced\nto walk to Tennessee removal camps. There, many were immediately removed to the West by water on flatboats. The rest waited in deportation camps through the\nTennessee summer. Both groups were riddled with disease and death. The Funk Heritage Center at Reinhardt University is a Trail of Tears Certified\nInterpretive Site with an entire gallery devoted to the Cherokee Removal. Since its\nopening in 1999, the Center has worked to tell the story of the\nindigenous peoples of Northwest Georgia, from the Paleoindian period through\nthe Trail of Tears. for the most recent exhibit, which discusses the years leading up to the Trail of Tears, descendants of the Fourkiller family that lived next to the Reinhardts in the 19th century were contacted and involved with the creation and opening of the exhibit. Many branches of the Fourkiller family are thriving today, both in the West and back in the ancestral Eastern homelands, in places like North Carolina.\n\n\n\n\n\nEntrance to the Funk Heritage Center museum grants access to all galleries &\nexhibits and a viewing of the award-winning film The Southeastern Indians. The center includes an exhibit area interpreting 12,000 years of American Indian life through artifacts, dioramas, and interactive computer programs. A large collection of contemporary American Indian artwork includes paintings, baskets, sculpture, and pottery. There is also an Appalachian Settlement behind the center where visitors can look at cabins or during special events interact with a blacksmith and other activities. Tuesday-Friday- 9 - 4 pm Saturday-10 - 4 pm Closed December 20th – January 4thAdult 18 & up $7.00 Seniors over 65 $6.50 Children under 18 $5.00Visitors can park in the front parking lot located in front of the center. ",[140,211,211],{"_74":212,"_137":-5,"_138":227},[],"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/52tqfhqneyu0tmxlm3khu0fo7oap?variant=desktop",{"_107":240,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":241,"_151":242,"_35":243,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":241,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":212,"_163":-5},{"_107":230,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":231,"_151":232,"_35":233,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":231,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":234,"_163":-5},820,"16439964962.jpeg",{"_164":235,"_166":236,"_168":237,"_170":238,"_172":239},927,"Funk Heritage Center.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l10dy86nrsxknkcfmddlkxtz9trm","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l10dy86nrsxknkcfmddlkxtz9trm?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l10dy86nrsxknkcfmddlkxtz9trm?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l10dy86nrsxknkcfmddlkxtz9trm?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l10dy86nrsxknkcfmddlkxtz9trm?variant=lqip",707,"16282788589.jpeg",{"_164":244,"_166":245,"_168":246,"_170":227,"_172":247},794,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/52tqfhqneyu0tmxlm3khu0fo7oap","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/52tqfhqneyu0tmxlm3khu0fo7oap?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/52tqfhqneyu0tmxlm3khu0fo7oap?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/52tqfhqneyu0tmxlm3khu0fo7oap?variant=lqip",264,"fort-newnan","Fort Newnan",{"_35":210,"_65":211,"_74":212},{"_35":273,"_65":274,"_74":275},"7461 GA-136, Talking Rock, GA 30175, USA","

Website: Fort Newnan has vanished into north Georgia landscape - The Newnan Times-Herald

As with most of the other forts on this tour, the precise location\nof Fort Newnan is unknown. However, there are several references to ‘a fort\nnear Sanders.’ The Sanders family was very wealthy, owning a variety of houses,\nstables, slaves, and hundreds of acres of land. Two of the five Sanders\nbrothers owned land on the Federal Road, and it is likely that Fort Newnan was\nbuilt in the vicinity.

Unfortunately, the records of General Eustis, commanding\nofficer of the Eastern Military District in which Fort Newnan fell, have not\nyet been located, so data about events at the fort are slim. Military records\nfrom 1838 indicate about a thousand Cherokee lived near Fort Newnan, though\nit’s likely that at least some of them would have been taken to Fort Hetzel,\nwhich was nearby.

\n\n\n\n

Rev. John Dorsey, captain, was ordered to the fort along\nwith his mounted company of 64 men in March of 1838. Following the Cherokee\nroundup and removal to Tennessee, civility at Fort Newnan appears to have\ndeteriorated quickly. Once again, the details are frustratingly vague, but\nCaptain Dorsey refused to turn over the post, resulting in Captain Derrick of\nFort Hetzel sending someone to investigate. That report stated that the men\nwere “a complete mob,” with half of the men missing, and Dorsey himself having\nreturned to his home in Hall County. Dorsey did write to General Eustis\n“begging” to have his company retained until September, which Eustis refused.\nThe company was mustered out by Major Payne on June 30.

Free to all visitors.

","Small sign next to the masonic lodge.",34.51149996,-84.54546449,[264],"Website: Fort Newnan has vanished into north Georgia landscape - The Newnan Times-HeraldAs with most of the other forts on this tour, the precise location\nof Fort Newnan is unknown. However, there are several references to ‘a fort\nnear Sanders.’ The Sanders family was very wealthy, owning a variety of houses,\nstables, slaves, and hundreds of acres of land. Two of the five Sanders\nbrothers owned land on the Federal Road, and it is likely that Fort Newnan was\nbuilt in the vicinity. Unfortunately, the records of General Eustis, commanding\nofficer of the Eastern Military District in which Fort Newnan fell, have not\nyet been located, so data about events at the fort are slim. Military records\nfrom 1838 indicate about a thousand Cherokee lived near Fort Newnan, though\nit’s likely that at least some of them would have been taken to Fort Hetzel,\nwhich was nearby. \n\n\n\nRev. John Dorsey, captain, was ordered to the fort along\nwith his mounted company of 64 men in March of 1838. Following the Cherokee\nroundup and removal to Tennessee, civility at Fort Newnan appears to have\ndeteriorated quickly. Once again, the details are frustratingly vague, but\nCaptain Dorsey refused to turn over the post, resulting in Captain Derrick of\nFort Hetzel sending someone to investigate. That report stated that the men\nwere “a complete mob,” with half of the men missing, and Dorsey himself having\nreturned to his home in Hall County. Dorsey did write to General Eustis\n“begging” to have his company retained until September, which Eustis refused.\nThe company was mustered out by Major Payne on June 30. Free to all visitors. ",[140,249,249],{"_74":250,"_137":-5,"_138":263},[],"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pgnky6881ec8q27zygxurziul0yv?variant=desktop",{"_107":265,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":266,"_151":267,"_35":268,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":266,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":250,"_163":-5},710,"16282795377.jpeg",{"_164":269,"_166":270,"_168":271,"_170":263,"_172":272},797,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pgnky6881ec8q27zygxurziul0yv","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pgnky6881ec8q27zygxurziul0yv?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pgnky6881ec8q27zygxurziul0yv?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pgnky6881ec8q27zygxurziul0yv?variant=lqip",261,"new-echota-state-historic-site","New Echota State Historic Site",{"_35":248,"_65":249,"_74":250},13,{"_35":279,"_65":316,"_74":317},263,"1211 GA-225, Calhoun, GA 30701, USA","

Website: New Echota State Historic Site | Department Of Natural Resources Division (gastateparks.org)

Phone: 706-291-1321

New Echota served as a the capital of the Cherokee Nation from 1819 until the effective ouster of the Native government from the state in the years leading up to the Trail of Tears. The national newspaper of the Cherokees, the Cherokee Phoenix, was published here, and Elias Boudinot, its first editor, lived here. The foundations of his home, where the Treaty of New Echota was signed, are still visible at the site. Visitors can tour several original and reconstructed buildings, including the reconstructed council house, court house, print shop, missionary Samuel Worcester's home (original), and an 1805 store, along with smokehouses, corn cribs, and barns. In the site's visitor center, guests can view interpretive exhibits and a 17-minute film.

“New Echota is on a handsome spot of ground a little elevated, with a Council House & Court House in the center & two or three Merchants Stores, about half a dozen handsome framed Dwelling Houses in sight which would be called respectable … & very decently furnished to be in any country & all new built within 3 or 4 years. I have been in most of the Houses & find the families very polite & agreeable & pleasant & fit associates for any country.” -- An observer in Oct., 1829

Tuesday – Saturday 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.

Sundays 1 – 5 p.m.

December – March, closed on Sundays; closed on Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day

Adults (18–61): $7.00 Seniors (62+): $6.50 Youth (6–17): $5.50

",34.54101287,-84.90932687,[293,294],"Website: New Echota State Historic Site | Department Of Natural Resources Division (gastateparks. org)Phone: 706-291-1321New Echota served as a the capital of the Cherokee Nation from 1819 until the effective ouster of the Native government from the state in the years leading up to the Trail of Tears. The national newspaper of the Cherokees, the Cherokee Phoenix, was published here, and Elias Boudinot, its first editor, lived here. The foundations of his home, where the Treaty of New Echota was signed, are still visible at the site. Visitors can tour several original and reconstructed buildings, including the reconstructed council house, court house, print shop, missionary Samuel Worcester's home (original), and an 1805 store, along with smokehouses, corn cribs, and barns. In the site's visitor center, guests can view interpretive exhibits and a 17-minute film. “New Echota is on a handsome spot of ground a little elevated, with a Council House & Court House in the center & two or three Merchants Stores, about half a dozen handsome framed Dwelling Houses in sight which would be called respectable … & very decently furnished to be in any country & all new built within 3 or 4 years. I have been in most of the Houses & find the families very polite & agreeable & pleasant & fit associates for any country.” -- An observer in Oct., 1829Tuesday – Saturday 9 a. m. – 5 p. m. Sundays 1 – 5 p. m. December – March, closed on Sundays; closed on Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's DayAdults (18–61): $7.00 Seniors (62+): $6.50 Youth (6–17): $5.50",[140,291,292,291,274],{"_74":289,"_137":-5,"_138":290},[],"Council House","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pmazy31kcxtg6n1sub87uao6bds1?variant=desktop","new-echota-state-historic-site-worcester-house","new-echota-state-historic-site-worcester-house-and-fort-wool",{"_107":308,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":309,"_151":310,"_35":311,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":309,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":289,"_163":-5},{"_107":295,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":296,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":297,"_151":298,"_35":299,"_154":-5,"_155":300,"_157":297,"_158":159,"_160":301,"_74":302,"_163":-5},863,1123,"16451955192.jpeg",{"_164":303,"_166":304,"_168":305,"_170":306,"_172":307},973,225,561,"Samuel Worcestor.jfif","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/u2wuyk5orxw5k6k9dh85manffua8","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/u2wuyk5orxw5k6k9dh85manffua8?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/u2wuyk5orxw5k6k9dh85manffua8?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/u2wuyk5orxw5k6k9dh85manffua8?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/u2wuyk5orxw5k6k9dh85manffua8?variant=lqip",705,"16282723614.jpeg",{"_164":312,"_166":313,"_168":314,"_170":290,"_172":315},792,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pmazy31kcxtg6n1sub87uao6bds1","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pmazy31kcxtg6n1sub87uao6bds1?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pmazy31kcxtg6n1sub87uao6bds1?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/pmazy31kcxtg6n1sub87uao6bds1?variant=lqip","fort-wool","Fort Wool ",{"_35":273,"_65":274,"_74":275},12,{"_35":352,"_65":353,"_74":354},"1981 Highway 411, Ranger, GA, 30734\t","

Website: New Echota Historic Site | Friends of Georgia State Parks & Historic Sites (friendsofgastateparks.org)

The marker for Fort Wool is inside the New Echota Historic\nSite. See the next stop for fees and hours.

Though the name “Fort Wool” does not appear in the historic\nrecord until after March of 1838, military occupation of New Echota began as\nearly as 1818 and continued until the land was handed over to the state lottery\nwinners. Named after General John Wool, this fort and the rest of New Echota\nserved as the headquarters for the Middle Military District, accepting and\ndistributing supplies to both the militia and the Cherokee.

On May 10, 1838, Major General Winfield Scott issued a\ndramatic proclamation that would change Cherokee lives forever:

\"Cherokees! The President of the United States has sent me\nwith a powerful army, to cause you... to join...your people...on the other side\nof the Mississippi...Will you then, by resistance, compel us to resort to arms?\nGod forbid! I am an old warrior, and have been present at many a scene of\nslaughter; but spare me, I beseech you, the horror of witnessing the\ndestruction of the Cherokees.\"

William Cotter, aide to the soldiers, observed:

\"After all the warning and with the soldiers in their\nmidst, the inevitable day appointed found the Indians at work in their houses\nand in their fields...two or three dropped their hoes and ran as fast as they\ncould when they saw the soldiers coming into the field. The men handled them\ngently, but picked them up in the road,\nin the field, anywhere they found them, part of a family at a time, and carried\nthem to the post [fort].\"

General Scott appealed to the soldiers:

\"Considering the number and temper of the mass to be\nremoved...it will readily occur, that simple indiscretions- acts of harshness\nand cruelty, on the part of the troops, may lead...in the end, to a general war\nand carnage...Every possible kindness,...must, therefore, be shown by the\ntroops...\"

Overall, this would not be the case.

Ooloo-Cha, widow of Sweet Water:

\"The soldiers came and took us from our home. They first\nsurrounded our house and they took the mare while we were working in the fields\nand they drove us out of doors and did not permit us to take anything with us,\nnot even a second change of clothes. They...drove us off to a fort that was\nbuilt at New Echota.\"

General Wool himself traveled often throughout the region,\nleaving his namesake fort in the hands of a variety of commanding officers. On\nMay 24, General Charles Renatus Floyd of Savannah assumed command, and remained\nso until the fort was decommissioned in July.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Despite the population of New Echota increasing to the\nthousands during the Removal, military reports indicate that only about 300 Cherokee\nactually lived within a 10-mile radius of the city. By June 19, General Floyd\nreported that no Cherokee remained in the Middle Military District save for\nthose too ill to travel, and even these were in the possession of his troops.

","Located 273 yards south of the New Echota State Historic Site.",[332,333],"Website: New Echota Historic Site | Friends of Georgia State Parks & Historic Sites (friendsofgastateparks. org)The marker for Fort Wool is inside the New Echota Historic\nSite. See the next stop for fees and hours. Though the name “Fort Wool” does not appear in the historic\nrecord until after March of 1838, military occupation of New Echota began as\nearly as 1818 and continued until the land was handed over to the state lottery\nwinners. Named after General John Wool, this fort and the rest of New Echota\nserved as the headquarters for the Middle Military District, accepting and\ndistributing supplies to both the militia and the Cherokee. On May 10, 1838, Major General Winfield Scott issued a\ndramatic proclamation that would change Cherokee lives forever:\"Cherokees! The President of the United States has sent me\nwith a powerful army, to cause you... to join...your people...on the other side\nof the Mississippi...Will you then, by resistance, compel us to resort to arms?\nGod forbid! I am an old warrior, and have been present at many a scene of\nslaughter; but spare me, I beseech you, the horror of witnessing the\ndestruction of the Cherokees.\"William Cotter, aide to the soldiers, observed:\"After all the warning and with the soldiers in their\nmidst, the inevitable day appointed found the Indians at work in their houses\nand in their fields...two or three dropped their hoes and ran as fast as they\ncould when they saw the soldiers coming into the field. The men handled them\ngently, but picked them up in the road,\nin the field, anywhere they found them, part of a family at a time, and carried\nthem to the post [fort].\"General Scott appealed to the soldiers: \"Considering the number and temper of the mass to be\nremoved...it will readily occur, that simple indiscretions- acts of harshness\nand cruelty, on the part of the troops, may lead...in the end, to a general war\nand carnage...Every possible kindness,...must, therefore, be shown by the\ntroops...\"Overall, this would not be the case. Ooloo-Cha, widow of Sweet Water:\"The soldiers came and took us from our home. They first\nsurrounded our house and they took the mare while we were working in the fields\nand they drove us out of doors and did not permit us to take anything with us,\nnot even a second change of clothes. They...drove us off to a fort that was\nbuilt at New Echota.\"General Wool himself traveled often throughout the region,\nleaving his namesake fort in the hands of a variety of commanding officers. On\nMay 24, General Charles Renatus Floyd of Savannah assumed command, and remained\nso until the fort was decommissioned in July. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDespite the population of New Echota increasing to the\nthousands during the Removal, military reports indicate that only about 300 Cherokee\nactually lived within a 10-mile radius of the city. By June 19, General Floyd\nreported that no Cherokee remained in the Middle Military District save for\nthose too ill to travel, and even these were in the possession of his troops. ",[140,331,316,316],{"_74":329,"_137":-5,"_138":330},[],"Fort Wool.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/f8b1qz79twouw46kshwm8nshgf5c?variant=desktop","rockdale-plantation-george-w-adair-home",{"_107":344,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":345,"_151":346,"_35":347,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":345,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":329,"_163":-5},{"_107":334,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":335,"_151":336,"_35":337,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":335,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":338,"_163":-5},819,"16439962869.jpeg",{"_164":339,"_166":340,"_168":341,"_170":342,"_172":343},926,"Fort Wool sign.jfif","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/1p3buyg9vvk63w79mbmlu9jkodb2","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/1p3buyg9vvk63w79mbmlu9jkodb2?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/1p3buyg9vvk63w79mbmlu9jkodb2?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/1p3buyg9vvk63w79mbmlu9jkodb2?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/1p3buyg9vvk63w79mbmlu9jkodb2?variant=lqip",818,"16439962081.jpeg",{"_164":348,"_166":349,"_168":350,"_170":330,"_172":351},925,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/f8b1qz79twouw46kshwm8nshgf5c","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/f8b1qz79twouw46kshwm8nshgf5c?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/f8b1qz79twouw46kshwm8nshgf5c?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/f8b1qz79twouw46kshwm8nshgf5c?variant=lqip",262,"fort-gilmer","Fort Gilmer",{"_35":279,"_65":316,"_74":317},11,{"_35":377,"_65":378,"_74":379},"5730 Old Hwy 411, Chatsworth, GA 30705, USA","

Website: Fort Gilmer – Georgia Historical Society (georgiahistory.com

The fourth military outpost on our tour is Fort Gilmer,\nerected near the Cherokee town of Coosawattee. Coosawattee’s history with the\nAmerican military actually begins before the Cherokee Removal; in 1837, Captain\nWilliam Derrick was ordered there from New Echota to round up Creeks who had\ntaken refuge in the town after their own removal several years earlier.

In March of 1838, Captain Charles W. Bond and 67 mounted\nsoldiers were sent to Rock Springs, four miles west of the Coosawattee River.\nIt’s possible that this was the same location Captain Derrick had camped the\nprevious year; regardless, construction on the fort was well underway by May,\nwhen the quartermaster was having trouble finding iron for hinges and wrote a\nrequest for some to be sent. Only two days after Removal began, Fort Gilmer\nalready had 254 Cherokee in custody. Over several days, 334 Cherokee were led\nto Ross’s Landing in preparation for the journey west.

\n\n\n\n

The historic marker for Fort Gilmer was erected in the 1950s\nand contains several errors.

Free to all visitors.

\n",34.66089738,-84.70894905,[368],"Website: Fort Gilmer – Georgia Historical Society (georgiahistory. comThe fourth military outpost on our tour is Fort Gilmer,\nerected near the Cherokee town of Coosawattee. Coosawattee’s history with the\nAmerican military actually begins before the Cherokee Removal; in 1837, Captain\nWilliam Derrick was ordered there from New Echota to round up Creeks who had\ntaken refuge in the town after their own removal several years earlier. In March of 1838, Captain Charles W. Bond and 67 mounted\nsoldiers were sent to Rock Springs, four miles west of the Coosawattee River.\nIt’s possible that this was the same location Captain Derrick had camped the\nprevious year; regardless, construction on the fort was well underway by May,\nwhen the quartermaster was having trouble finding iron for hinges and wrote a\nrequest for some to be sent. Only two days after Removal began, Fort Gilmer\nalready had 254 Cherokee in custody. Over several days, 334 Cherokee were led\nto Ross’s Landing in preparation for the journey west.\n\n\n\nThe historic marker for Fort Gilmer was erected in the 1950s\nand contains several errors. Free to all visitors. \n",[140,353,353],{"_74":354,"_137":-5,"_138":367},[],"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/hwr9co5owxt2qsv4amb014lzc84j?variant=desktop",{"_107":369,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":370,"_151":371,"_35":372,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":370,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":354,"_163":-5},709,"16282794611.jpeg",{"_164":373,"_166":374,"_168":375,"_170":367,"_172":376},796,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/hwr9co5owxt2qsv4amb014lzc84j","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/hwr9co5owxt2qsv4amb014lzc84j?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/hwr9co5owxt2qsv4amb014lzc84j?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/hwr9co5owxt2qsv4amb014lzc84j?variant=lqip",260,"chief-vann-house-state-historic-site","Chief Vann House State Historic Site",{"_35":352,"_65":353,"_74":354},10,{"_35":426,"_65":427,"_74":428},"82 GA Hwy 225 N","

Website: Chief Vann House State Historic Site | Department Of Natural Resources Division (gastateparks.org)

Phone: 706-695-2598

The Vann family held significant influence among the\nCherokee at the turn of the 19^th century. James, a young leader,\nbelieved that acculturation with white Americans was the only way to survive;\nthis created enemies for him among the Cherokee, though it brought much success\nwith the whites. He worked with the Moravians, a group of German missionaries\nwho set up a church and a school. He owned a variety of businesses, from\nferries to a tavern and a trading post.

James’ son Joseph also became a wealthy and prominent\nCherokee and lived in this two-story mansion until he moved west in 1837.\nDespite the Cherokee being matrilineal, Joseph’s father named him heir, and,\nupon the John’s murder in 1809, Joseph inherited thousands of acres of land,\nriver ferries, trading posts, and over $200,000 in gold.

In 1834, Joseph, along with his two wives and several\nchildren, were evicted from this home (then called Diamond Hill) under the\nIndian Removal Act of 1830. He resettled on the Tennessee River, establishing a\nlarge plantation and a settlement called Vann’s Town (present day Harrison Bay\nState Park in Tennessee).

Prior to the mass Cherokee removal in 1838, Joseph traveled\nwest with several hundred Cherokee and their slaves (including 200 of his own)\non a flotilla of flatboats on the Arkansas River, establishing a steamboat\nbusiness there.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Today, the Chief Vann House sits on 137 acres. This 2 ½\nstory brick home features a ‘floating’ staircase, a 12-foot mantle, and more.\nTours include an interpretive center with exhibits about the Vann family,\nCherokee Nation, and the Trail of Tears.

Time: 9am-5pm and on Sundays 1pm-5pm.

Days: Thursday-Saturday and December through March it's closed on Sundays.

Tours: They are offered every hour until 4pm.

Price: Adults(18-61): $6.50, Seniors(62+): $6.00, Youth(6-17): $5.50.

",34.7635534,-84.8213129,[394,395,396],"Website: Chief Vann House State Historic Site | Department Of Natural Resources Division (gastateparks. org)Phone: 706-695-2598The Vann family held significant influence among the\nCherokee at the turn of the 19th century. James, a young leader,\nbelieved that acculturation with white Americans was the only way to survive;\nthis created enemies for him among the Cherokee, though it brought much success\nwith the whites. He worked with the Moravians, a group of German missionaries\nwho set up a church and a school. He owned a variety of businesses, from\nferries to a tavern and a trading post. James’ son Joseph also became a wealthy and prominent\nCherokee and lived in this two-story mansion until he moved west in 1837.\nDespite the Cherokee being matrilineal, Joseph’s father named him heir, and,\nupon the John’s murder in 1809, Joseph inherited thousands of acres of land,\nriver ferries, trading posts, and over $200,000 in gold. In 1834, Joseph, along with his two wives and several\nchildren, were evicted from this home (then called Diamond Hill) under the\nIndian Removal Act of 1830. He resettled on the Tennessee River, establishing a\nlarge plantation and a settlement called Vann’s Town (present day Harrison Bay\nState Park in Tennessee).Prior to the mass Cherokee removal in 1838, Joseph traveled\nwest with several hundred Cherokee and their slaves (including 200 of his own)\non a flotilla of flatboats on the Arkansas River, establishing a steamboat\nbusiness there.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nToday, the Chief Vann House sits on 137 acres. This 2 ½\nstory brick home features a ‘floating’ staircase, a 12-foot mantle, and more.\nTours include an interpretive center with exhibits about the Vann family,\nCherokee Nation, and the Trail of Tears. Time: 9am-5pm and on Sundays 1pm-5pm. Days: Thursday-Saturday and December through March it's closed on Sundays. Tours: They are offered every hour until 4pm. Price: Adults(18-61): $6.50, Seniors(62+): $6.00, Youth(6-17): $5.50. ",[140,378,378],{"_74":392,"_137":-5,"_138":393},[],"Vann House","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4lnhvv0sk3llqupkwc7jzi72anwx?variant=desktop",{"_107":418,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":419,"_151":420,"_35":421,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":419,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":392,"_163":-5},{"_107":408,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":409,"_151":410,"_35":411,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":409,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":412,"_163":-5},{"_107":397,"_104":398,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":399,"_151":400,"_35":401,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":399,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":402,"_163":-5},704,3,"16282717083.jpeg",{"_164":403,"_166":404,"_168":405,"_170":406,"_172":407},791,"Vann House 1934","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/qv4wnspwydbesagdo2obzstb0wc6","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/qv4wnspwydbesagdo2obzstb0wc6?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/qv4wnspwydbesagdo2obzstb0wc6?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/qv4wnspwydbesagdo2obzstb0wc6?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/qv4wnspwydbesagdo2obzstb0wc6?variant=lqip",703,"16282717026.jpeg",{"_164":413,"_166":414,"_168":415,"_170":416,"_172":417},790,"vann sign.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/h1sija0ng02elv1yy6vfun0nkose","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/h1sija0ng02elv1yy6vfun0nkose?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/h1sija0ng02elv1yy6vfun0nkose?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/h1sija0ng02elv1yy6vfun0nkose?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/h1sija0ng02elv1yy6vfun0nkose?variant=lqip",702,"16282716737.jpeg",{"_164":422,"_166":423,"_168":424,"_170":393,"_172":425},789,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4lnhvv0sk3llqupkwc7jzi72anwx","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4lnhvv0sk3llqupkwc7jzi72anwx?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4lnhvv0sk3llqupkwc7jzi72anwx?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4lnhvv0sk3llqupkwc7jzi72anwx?variant=lqip",407,"the-old-federal-road","The Old Federal Road",{"_35":377,"_65":378,"_74":379},9,{"_35":475,"_65":476,"_74":477},406,"41 Catoosa Pkwy, Tunnel Hill, GA 30755, USA","

The project that today is known as Old Federal Road began in\n1791 with the Treaty of Holston, which, among other things, stated that\n“citizens of the United States shall have a free and unmolested use of a road”\nthrough the Cherokee Nation. Numerous discussions followed, not only between\nthe Cherokee Nation and the United States, but also between the Cherokee\nthemselves. The Treaty of Tellico was signed in 1805, and construction of the\nroad began in earnest:

\"And whereas the mail of the United States is ordered to be carried from Knoxville to New-Orleans, through the Cherokee, Creek and Choctaw countries; the Cherokees agree that the citizens of the United States shall have, so far as it goes through their country, the free and unmolested use of a road leading from Tellico to Tombigbe, to be laid out by viewers appointed on both sides, who shall direct it the nearest and best way...\"

This would be a boon for\nbusiness, some Cherokee leaders argued at the time. After all, travelers need lodging, food, provisions, and many other\nthings. In the beginning, this proved to be true. James Vann received ferry\nrights over the Chattahoochee, and the Cherokee even charged a toll for use of\nthe road, with a sliding scale (hogs, sheep & goats: one cent each, to a\nwagon with a team of horses costing a dollar).

\n\n

The prosperous times were not to last. Allowing whites into\ntheir territory led to the discovery of gold in 1828 (the Cherokee had\nknown about the gold for years). This discovery is often pointed to as the\nimpetus of the Cherokee Removal, though the role played by the Old Federal Road\nshould not be discarded. During the roundup, the road guided Cherokee away from\ntheir ancestral homes.

Free to all visitors.

https://georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/old-federal-road/

","

The Old Federal Road has two branches traversing Northwest Georgia. There is a separate audio tour available to follow the entire length of the Old Federal Road, but you will use long stretches of the Old Federal Road to travel from Rossville to Chatsworth on this tour.

",34.905762183059196,-85.07710377066955,[452,453],"The project that today is known as Old Federal Road began in\n1791 with the Treaty of Holston, which, among other things, stated that\n“citizens of the United States shall have a free and unmolested use of a road”\nthrough the Cherokee Nation. Numerous discussions followed, not only between\nthe Cherokee Nation and the United States, but also between the Cherokee\nthemselves. The Treaty of Tellico was signed in 1805, and construction of the\nroad began in earnest:\"And whereas the mail of the United States is ordered to be carried from Knoxville to New-Orleans, through the Cherokee, Creek and Choctaw countries; the Cherokees agree that the citizens of the United States shall have, so far as it goes through their country, the free and unmolested use of a road leading from Tellico to Tombigbe, to be laid out by viewers appointed on both sides, who shall direct it the nearest and best way...\"This would be a boon for\nbusiness, some Cherokee leaders argued at the time. After all, travelers need lodging, food, provisions, and many other\nthings. In the beginning, this proved to be true. James Vann received ferry\nrights over the Chattahoochee, and the Cherokee even charged a toll for use of\nthe road, with a sliding scale (hogs, sheep & goats: one cent each, to a\nwagon with a team of horses costing a dollar).\n\n\n\nThe prosperous times were not to last. Allowing whites into\ntheir territory led to the discovery of gold in 1828 (the Cherokee had\nknown about the gold for years). This discovery is often pointed to as the\nimpetus of the Cherokee Removal, though the role played by the Old Federal Road\nshould not be discarded. During the roundup, the road guided Cherokee away from\ntheir ancestral homes. Free to all visitors. https://georgiahistory. com/ghmi_marker_updated/old-federal-road/",[445,446,447,448,449,450,451,427],{"_74":443,"_137":-5,"_138":444},[],"IMG_5605 (2).JPG","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/xd6tx7ulr8yikqn6cdikbrv3pwv0?variant=desktop","new-stop-1656881518284","t","the","the-old","the-old-fe","the-old-feder","the-old-federal",{"_107":467,"_104":468,"_137":-5,"_145":-5,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":443,"_151":469,"_35":470,"_154":-5,"_155":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":-5,"_160":-5,"_74":443,"_163":-5},{"_107":454,"_104":24,"_137":48,"_145":-5,"_147":455,"_148":456,"_149":457,"_151":458,"_35":459,"_154":-5,"_155":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":460,"_160":-5,"_74":461,"_163":456},1135,"//www.youtube.com/embed/SKM_ahUHBVs","SKM_ahUHBVs","SKM_ahUHBVs.jpg",{"_164":462,"_166":463,"_168":464,"_170":465,"_172":466},1283,"youtube","GA Old Federal Road Audio 01","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/psyroqp790znnmztlxboatprjw44","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/psyroqp790znnmztlxboatprjw44?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/psyroqp790znnmztlxboatprjw44?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/psyroqp790znnmztlxboatprjw44?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/psyroqp790znnmztlxboatprjw44?variant=lqip",1134,0,{"_164":471,"_166":472,"_168":473,"_170":444,"_172":474},1279,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/xd6tx7ulr8yikqn6cdikbrv3pwv0","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/xd6tx7ulr8yikqn6cdikbrv3pwv0?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/xd6tx7ulr8yikqn6cdikbrv3pwv0?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/xd6tx7ulr8yikqn6cdikbrv3pwv0?variant=lqip",259,"chief-john-ross-house","Chief John Ross House",{"_35":426,"_65":427,"_74":428},8,{"_35":515,"_65":18,"_74":516},"200 E Lake Ave, Rossville, GA 30741","

Phone: 706-375-7702

Built in 1816, this home sits adjacent to Poplar Spring along a historic Cherokee trading route. In 1827 Ross moved to Head of Coosa (now Rome GA), where he owned a ferry. beginning in 1828, he served as the principal chief of the Cherokee. For the next 10 years, he fought hard against Indian removal, but in 1838 he and other Cherokee were forced to move west. The home sits on five acres of land immediately south of the original site, and was later restored in 1962, where it was then added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Before moving into this house, John Ross lived in present-day\nChattanooga; in fact, he is considered the founder of that city, though at the\ntime it was called Ross’s Landing. He established a ferry and several\nbusinesses there, and quickly established himself as irreplaceable to the\nCherokee Nation when he went to Washington D.C. as part of a delegation to\nnegotiate borders between the two nations.

After moving to this house in 1817, Ross continued rising\nthrough the ranks, and was elected chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1828. This\ncoincided with the discovery of gold within their lands, and Ross’s tenure as\nchief would be marred by broken promises from the United States.

Most Cherokee refused to recognize the Treaty of New Echota\nand instead relied on their leaders to sway American political opinion in their\nfavor. One of those leaders was, of course, Chief John Ross. Ross never wavered\nin his stance against removal, though once it became clear that the Cherokee\nwould be removed regardless, he led his people to present-day Oklahoma and\nre-established the seat of the Cherokee Nation there. His tenure as principal\nchief lasted until his death in 1866.

\n\n\n\n\n\n

The Chief John Ross House is actually two buildings attached\ntogether, though the north-eastern side seems to have been added sometime after\nRoss’s residence, given period reporting on the size and description of the\nbuilding. During restoration in 1962, the house was moved directly south to its\ncurrent location.

Open: 8am-5pm

Days: Monday-Friday

",34.9810526,-85.2848366,[492,493],"Phone: 706-375-7702Built in 1816, this home sits adjacent to Poplar Spring along a historic Cherokee trading route. In 1827 Ross moved to Head of Coosa (now Rome GA), where he owned a ferry. beginning in 1828, he served as the principal chief of the Cherokee. For the next 10 years, he fought hard against Indian removal, but in 1838 he and other Cherokee were forced to move west. The home sits on five acres of land immediately south of the original site, and was later restored in 1962, where it was then added to the National Register of Historic Places. Before moving into this house, John Ross lived in present-day\nChattanooga; in fact, he is considered the founder of that city, though at the\ntime it was called Ross’s Landing. He established a ferry and several\nbusinesses there, and quickly established himself as irreplaceable to the\nCherokee Nation when he went to Washington D. C. as part of a delegation to\nnegotiate borders between the two nations. After moving to this house in 1817, Ross continued rising\nthrough the ranks, and was elected chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1828. This\ncoincided with the discovery of gold within their lands, and Ross’s tenure as\nchief would be marred by broken promises from the United States. Most Cherokee refused to recognize the Treaty of New Echota\nand instead relied on their leaders to sway American political opinion in their\nfavor. One of those leaders was, of course, Chief John Ross. Ross never wavered\nin his stance against removal, though once it became clear that the Cherokee\nwould be removed regardless, he led his people to present-day Oklahoma and\nre-established the seat of the Cherokee Nation there. His tenure as principal\nchief lasted until his death in 1866. \n\n\n\n\n\nThe Chief John Ross House is actually two buildings attached\ntogether, though the north-eastern side seems to have been added sometime after\nRoss’s residence, given period reporting on the size and description of the\nbuilding. During restoration in 1962, the house was moved directly south to its\ncurrent location. Open: 8am-5pm Days: Monday-Friday ",[140,476,476],{"_74":490,"_137":-5,"_138":491},[],"john ross house.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ad1e74243t6ktnkejhh8n61ynewv?variant=desktop",{"_107":507,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":508,"_151":509,"_35":510,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":508,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":490,"_163":-5},{"_107":494,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":495,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":496,"_151":497,"_35":498,"_154":-5,"_155":499,"_157":496,"_158":159,"_160":500,"_74":501,"_163":-5},840,1116,"16446100636.jpeg",{"_164":502,"_166":503,"_168":504,"_170":505,"_172":506},949,223,558,"John Ross.jfif","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ahefqa4m8jjjk0w87ha980xrwdig","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ahefqa4m8jjjk0w87ha980xrwdig?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ahefqa4m8jjjk0w87ha980xrwdig?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ahefqa4m8jjjk0w87ha980xrwdig?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ahefqa4m8jjjk0w87ha980xrwdig?variant=lqip",701,"16282713909.jpeg",{"_164":511,"_166":512,"_168":513,"_170":491,"_172":514},788,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ad1e74243t6ktnkejhh8n61ynewv","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ad1e74243t6ktnkejhh8n61ynewv?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ad1e74243t6ktnkejhh8n61ynewv?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ad1e74243t6ktnkejhh8n61ynewv?variant=lqip",258,"Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park",{"_35":475,"_65":476,"_74":477},7,{"_35":551,"_65":552,"_74":553},"3370 Lafayette Road, Fort Oglethorpe","

Website: Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)

Phone: 423-821-7783 or 706-866-9241

In 1883 hundreds of Cherokee traveled north along the Crawfish Road in Georgia (Lafayette Road, Chickamauga Battlefield) to one of the deportation camps at Ross's Landing (Chattanooga, Tennessee). After leaving the camp, many Cherokee crossed Moccasin Bend in Tennessee. A Trail of Tears entrance sign stands at Moccasin Bend National Archaeological District and outdoor exhibits along the Federal Road Trail recount the Cherokee ordeal. The park is around 10,000 acres in size with a wide variety of exhibits and other things to do.

Open 8:30am-5pm

Days: everyday

For Point Park, visitors must pay a $10 entrance fee.

All other areas of the park are free to visitors.

Areas of the park stretch from Georgia into Tennessee.

",34.9404322,-85.2599554,[531,532],"Website: Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park (U. S. National Park Service) (nps. gov)Phone: 423-821-7783 or 706-866-9241In 1883 hundreds of Cherokee traveled north along the Crawfish Road in Georgia (Lafayette Road, Chickamauga Battlefield) to one of the deportation camps at Ross's Landing (Chattanooga, Tennessee). After leaving the camp, many Cherokee crossed Moccasin Bend in Tennessee. A Trail of Tears entrance sign stands at Moccasin Bend National Archaeological District and outdoor exhibits along the Federal Road Trail recount the Cherokee ordeal. The park is around 10,000 acres in size with a wide variety of exhibits and other things to do. Open 8:30am-5pm Days: everyday For Point Park, visitors must pay a $10 entrance fee. All other areas of the park are free to visitors. Areas of the park stretch from Georgia into Tennessee.",[140,18,18],{"_74":529,"_137":-5,"_138":530},[],"Chickamauga.jfif","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l84jvs6vye2hfzs6ktn8obp77oke?variant=desktop",{"_107":543,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":544,"_151":545,"_35":546,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":544,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":529,"_163":-5},{"_107":533,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":534,"_151":535,"_35":536,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":534,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":537,"_163":-5},839,"16446089182.jpeg",{"_164":538,"_166":539,"_168":540,"_170":541,"_172":542},948,"Point park.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/amlsqfi7kgll0qvqfsrw4pc8tooz","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/amlsqfi7kgll0qvqfsrw4pc8tooz?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/amlsqfi7kgll0qvqfsrw4pc8tooz?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/amlsqfi7kgll0qvqfsrw4pc8tooz?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/amlsqfi7kgll0qvqfsrw4pc8tooz?variant=lqip",838,"16446088718.jpeg",{"_164":547,"_166":548,"_168":549,"_170":530,"_172":550},947,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l84jvs6vye2hfzs6ktn8obp77oke","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l84jvs6vye2hfzs6ktn8obp77oke?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l84jvs6vye2hfzs6ktn8obp77oke?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/l84jvs6vye2hfzs6ktn8obp77oke?variant=lqip",257,"fort-cumming","Fort Cumming",{"_35":515,"_65":18,"_74":516},6,{"_35":592,"_65":593,"_74":594}," 408 W Indiana St, LaFayette GA 30728, US","

Fort Cumming is the second of seven military locations on\nthis tour. It was constructed in 1836 by Captain Samuel Farris with a company\nof Georgia volunteers.

Troops knew where Cherokee families lived and how many were\nin each household, so once it started, the roundup of the Georgia Cherokee\nproceeded swiftly. Fourteen roundup forts and camps were constructed to take\nthousands of innocent people as prisoners.

According to a report written by Rev. Daniel Butrick, at the\nend of May 1838, about 500 Cherokee were housed at Fort Cumming for 10 days\nbefore being marched to Ross’s Landing. Rev. Butrick ran a mission near Rome\nand was an eyewitness to the events:

\"Thus in two or three days about 8,000 people, many of\nwhom were in good circumstances, and some rich, were rendered homeless,\nhouseless, and penniless, and exposed to all the ills of captivity. In driving\nthem, a platoon of soldiers walked before and behind, and a file of soldiers on\neach side, armed with all the common appalling instruments of death; while the\nsoldiers, it is said would often use the same language as if driving hogs, and\ngoad them forward with their bayonets.
\"One man on being pricked thus, and seeing his children\nthus goaded on, picked up a stone and struck a soldier; but for this he was\nhandcuffed, and on arriving at the fort, was punished and on starting again was\nwhipped a hundred lashes.\"

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The historic marker was placed near to the fort’s original\nlocation.

Free to all visitors.

",34.7151878,-85.2873016,[569,570],"\"Indians collected at Fort Cumming under the orders of Genl. Scott will be considered in the light of prisoners of war...\" -A.R. Hetzel, Quartermaster May 29, 1838","Fort Cumming is the second of seven military locations on\nthis tour. It was constructed in 1836 by Captain Samuel Farris with a company\nof Georgia volunteers. Troops knew where Cherokee families lived and how many were\nin each household, so once it started, the roundup of the Georgia Cherokee\nproceeded swiftly. Fourteen roundup forts and camps were constructed to take\nthousands of innocent people as prisoners. According to a report written by Rev. Daniel Butrick, at the\nend of May 1838, about 500 Cherokee were housed at Fort Cumming for 10 days\nbefore being marched to Ross’s Landing. Rev. Butrick ran a mission near Rome\nand was an eyewitness to the events:\"Thus in two or three days about 8,000 people, many of\nwhom were in good circumstances, and some rich, were rendered homeless,\nhouseless, and penniless, and exposed to all the ills of captivity. In driving\nthem, a platoon of soldiers walked before and behind, and a file of soldiers on\neach side, armed with all the common appalling instruments of death; while the\nsoldiers, it is said would often use the same language as if driving hogs, and\ngoad them forward with their bayonets.\"One man on being pricked thus, and seeing his children\nthus goaded on, picked up a stone and struck a soldier; but for this he was\nhandcuffed, and on arriving at the fort, was punished and on starting again was\nwhipped a hundred lashes.\"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe historic marker was placed near to the fort’s original\nlocation. Free to all visitors.",[140,552,552],{"_74":567,"_137":-5,"_138":568},[],"new sign fort cumming.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/vd0u4o4fjgf2rjrknpipdo75pcau?variant=desktop",{"_107":584,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":585,"_151":586,"_35":587,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":585,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":567,"_163":-5},{"_107":571,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":572,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":573,"_151":574,"_35":575,"_154":-5,"_155":576,"_157":573,"_158":159,"_160":577,"_74":578,"_163":-5},699,920,"16282704858.jpeg",{"_164":579,"_166":580,"_168":581,"_170":582,"_172":583},786,184,460,"old sign fort cumming.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/e9zeth5p9j0xnbtykz6fp56dzv5z","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/e9zeth5p9j0xnbtykz6fp56dzv5z?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/e9zeth5p9j0xnbtykz6fp56dzv5z?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/e9zeth5p9j0xnbtykz6fp56dzv5z?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/e9zeth5p9j0xnbtykz6fp56dzv5z?variant=lqip",698,"16282704811.jpeg",{"_164":588,"_166":589,"_168":590,"_170":568,"_172":591},785,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/vd0u4o4fjgf2rjrknpipdo75pcau","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/vd0u4o4fjgf2rjrknpipdo75pcau?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/vd0u4o4fjgf2rjrknpipdo75pcau?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/vd0u4o4fjgf2rjrknpipdo75pcau?variant=lqip",256,"running-waters-john-ridge-house","Running Waters/ John Ridge House",{"_35":551,"_65":552,"_74":553},5,{"_35":632,"_65":633,"_74":634},"1509 Calhoun Ave NE, Rome, GA 30161, USA","

Website: John Ridge Home - National Trail of Tears Association (nationaltota.com)

This is a private residence and is closed to the public.

\"You asked us to throw off the hunter and warrior state: We did so. You asked us to form a Republican government. We did so- adopting your own as a model. You asked us to cultivate the earth, and learn the mechanic arts. We did so. You asked us to learn to read. We did so. You asked us to cast away our idols, and worship your God. We did so.\" - John Ridge

In the 1820s, Major Ridge started positioning his son John\nto be a leader in the Cherokee Nation. In this respect, he was immensely\nsuccessful; John was appointed clerk of the National Council and quickly became\nan extremely influential figure. One of the first laws he recorded stated the\nconsequences of any Cherokee who signed a treaty without national permission\nceding land to the United States: death. The journey from campaigning for their\nright to remain on ancestral land to organizing the signing of the Treaty of\nNew Echota in his own home was slow and filled with betrayal and bitterness\ntoward the United States. In 1832, many in the Cherokee were\ncelebrating the US Supreme Court’s decision that “The Cherokee Nation, then, is\na distinct community, occupying its own territory ... in which the laws of\nGeorgia can have no right to enter but with assent of the Cherokees ... The Act\nof the state of Georgia ... is consequently void.” But John Ridge was much more hesitant. In a letter to his cousin, Stand Watie, he cautioned against assuming the issue was settled, going so far as to say,

“...the Chicken Snake General Jackson has\ntime to crawl and hide in the luxuriant grass of his nefarious hypocrisy until\nhis responsibility is fastened upon by an execution of the Supreme Court at\ntheir next session. Then we shall see how strong the links are to the chain\nthat connect the states to the Federal Union.”

John’s hesitation was quickly validated when it became clear\nthat the state of Georgia would not abide by the Supreme Court’s decision. Even\nthen, it took two years for John to officially break ties with Chief Ross. On\nNovember 28, 1834, John Ridge hosted a meeting at his home where a memorial was\ndrafted, which he and a delegation took to Washington D.C. When a subsequent\ncouncil meeting was held the following July, thousands of Cherokee showed up at\nRunning Waters. This was, unfortunately for Ridge, not because they supported\nhis efforts for removal, but because the annuity due to them from the United\nStates was doled out at the Ridge council, rather than at Ross’s.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Still, the majority of Cherokee did not agree with Ridge and\nhis delegation, and though he survived attempts against his life in Georgia, he\nwould not be so lucky in Oklahoma. A group of 25 pro-Ross Cherokee executed John Ridge on June 22, 1839.

Closed to public- private residence

",34.2742513,-85.13575498,[609,610],"Website: John Ridge Home - National Trail of Tears Association (nationaltota. com)This is a private residence and is closed to the public.\"You asked us to throw off the hunter and warrior state: We did so. You asked us to form a Republican government. We did so- adopting your own as a model. You asked us to cultivate the earth, and learn the mechanic arts. We did so. You asked us to learn to read. We did so. You asked us to cast away our idols, and worship your God. We did so.\" - John RidgeIn the 1820s, Major Ridge started positioning his son John\nto be a leader in the Cherokee Nation. In this respect, he was immensely\nsuccessful; John was appointed clerk of the National Council and quickly became\nan extremely influential figure. One of the first laws he recorded stated the\nconsequences of any Cherokee who signed a treaty without national permission\nceding land to the United States: death. The journey from campaigning for their\nright to remain on ancestral land to organizing the signing of the Treaty of\nNew Echota in his own home was slow and filled with betrayal and bitterness\ntoward the United States. In 1832, many in the Cherokee were\ncelebrating the US Supreme Court’s decision that “The Cherokee Nation, then, is\na distinct community, occupying its own territory ... in which the laws of\nGeorgia can have no right to enter but with assent of the Cherokees ... The Act\nof the state of Georgia ... is consequently void.” But John Ridge was much more hesitant. In a letter to his cousin, Stand Watie, he cautioned against assuming the issue was settled, going so far as to say, “...the Chicken Snake General Jackson has\ntime to crawl and hide in the luxuriant grass of his nefarious hypocrisy until\nhis responsibility is fastened upon by an execution of the Supreme Court at\ntheir next session. Then we shall see how strong the links are to the chain\nthat connect the states to the Federal Union.”John’s hesitation was quickly validated when it became clear\nthat the state of Georgia would not abide by the Supreme Court’s decision. Even\nthen, it took two years for John to officially break ties with Chief Ross. On\nNovember 28, 1834, John Ridge hosted a meeting at his home where a memorial was\ndrafted, which he and a delegation took to Washington D. C. When a subsequent\ncouncil meeting was held the following July, thousands of Cherokee showed up at\nRunning Waters. This was, unfortunately for Ridge, not because they supported\nhis efforts for removal, but because the annuity due to them from the United\nStates was doled out at the Ridge council, rather than at Ross’s. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nStill, the majority of Cherokee did not agree with Ridge and\nhis delegation, and though he survived attempts against his life in Georgia, he\nwould not be so lucky in Oklahoma. A group of 25 pro-Ross Cherokee executed John Ridge on June 22, 1839.Closed to public- private residence",[140,593,593],{"_74":607,"_137":-5,"_138":608},[],"john ridge home.png","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/eo7dnfi2bxr9polzty56f1t67ies?variant=desktop",{"_107":624,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":625,"_151":626,"_35":627,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":625,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":607,"_163":-5},{"_107":611,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":612,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":613,"_151":614,"_35":615,"_154":-5,"_155":616,"_157":613,"_158":159,"_160":617,"_74":618,"_163":-5},837,1369,"16446072576.png",{"_164":619,"_166":620,"_168":621,"_170":622,"_172":623},946,274,685,"John Ridge .png","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ogj1jzo4cajyzb16o4dqmredktuu","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ogj1jzo4cajyzb16o4dqmredktuu?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ogj1jzo4cajyzb16o4dqmredktuu?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ogj1jzo4cajyzb16o4dqmredktuu?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ogj1jzo4cajyzb16o4dqmredktuu?variant=lqip",697,"16282700292.png",{"_164":628,"_166":629,"_168":630,"_170":608,"_172":631},784,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/eo7dnfi2bxr9polzty56f1t67ies","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/eo7dnfi2bxr9polzty56f1t67ies?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/eo7dnfi2bxr9polzty56f1t67ies?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/eo7dnfi2bxr9polzty56f1t67ies?variant=lqip",255,"chieftains-museum-major-ridge-home","Chieftains Museum / Major Ridge Home",{"_35":592,"_65":593,"_74":594},4,{"_35":672,"_65":673,"_74":674},"501 Riverside Parkway | Rome, Georgia 30161","

Website: Chieftains Museum Major Ridge Home

Phone: 706-291-9494

Major Ridge was a prominent member of the Cherokee Nation\nand a longtime resistor of removal. For many years, he remained outspoken in\nboth his support of Chief John Ross and against the idea of removal.

However, in 1835, he reversed his stance, arguing that “a\ngreat storm” was coming and the only way for the Cherokee Nation to survive was\nto swiftly get out of the way. “We can never forget these homes,” Major Ridge\nsaid on December 22, 1835, “...but an unbending, iron necessity tells us we\nmust leave them.” This change of heart earned Major Ridge many enemies, though\na few of the wealthier members of the nation sided with him, known as the\nTreaty Party. On December 29, this unauthorized group of Cherokee\nsigned the Treaty of New Echota with the United States, and, despite most\nCherokee signing a petition against the agreement, the conditions for removal\nwere set.

Signing this kind of treaty without the majority of the\nnation’s approval was strictly forbidden; in fact, one of his son John Ridge’s\nearliest duties as clerk of the Cherokee Nation involved him recording the law\nthat defined the consequence of ceding land to the United States without\nmajority approval as death.

Major Ridge avoided assassination attempts in Georgia,\nmoving to Honey Creek, near the present-day Arkansas-Missouri border in 1837.\nUnfortunately, he was not as lucky out west; on June 22, 1839, a group of 25\npro-Ross Cherokee attacked, killing Major Ridge, his son John, and other\nmembers of the Treaty Party.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Major Ridge’s original property near present-day Rome,\nGeorgia, was nearly 300 acres. The house he built is now owned by the Junior\nService League of Rome and operated by Friends of Chieftains, Inc. While Major\nRidge’s home has been added onto extensively over the years, the original\n‘dogtrot’ style cabin is still visible. Additionally, the museum has a\ndemonstration garden maintained by the Floyd County Master Gardeners that\nfeatures a variety of native plants, including many that were prized by the\nCherokee, as well as the original ferry site and multiple exhibits.

Adults- $10

Seniors / students - $5

Days: Wednesday-Saturday

Time: 10am-4pm

",34.2770861,-85.1702334,[652,653],"Website: Chieftains Museum Major Ridge HomePhone: 706-291-9494Major Ridge was a prominent member of the Cherokee Nation\nand a longtime resistor of removal. For many years, he remained outspoken in\nboth his support of Chief John Ross and against the idea of removal. However, in 1835, he reversed his stance, arguing that “a\ngreat storm” was coming and the only way for the Cherokee Nation to survive was\nto swiftly get out of the way. “We can never forget these homes,” Major Ridge\nsaid on December 22, 1835, “...but an unbending, iron necessity tells us we\nmust leave them.” This change of heart earned Major Ridge many enemies, though\na few of the wealthier members of the nation sided with him, known as the\nTreaty Party. On December 29, this unauthorized group of Cherokee\nsigned the Treaty of New Echota with the United States, and, despite most\nCherokee signing a petition against the agreement, the conditions for removal\nwere set. Signing this kind of treaty without the majority of the\nnation’s approval was strictly forbidden; in fact, one of his son John Ridge’s\nearliest duties as clerk of the Cherokee Nation involved him recording the law\nthat defined the consequence of ceding land to the United States without\nmajority approval as death. Major Ridge avoided assassination attempts in Georgia,\nmoving to Honey Creek, near the present-day Arkansas-Missouri border in 1837.\nUnfortunately, he was not as lucky out west; on June 22, 1839, a group of 25\npro-Ross Cherokee attacked, killing Major Ridge, his son John, and other\nmembers of the Treaty Party.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMajor Ridge’s original property near present-day Rome,\nGeorgia, was nearly 300 acres. The house he built is now owned by the Junior\nService League of Rome and operated by Friends of Chieftains, Inc. While Major\nRidge’s home has been added onto extensively over the years, the original\n‘dogtrot’ style cabin is still visible. Additionally, the museum has a\ndemonstration garden maintained by the Floyd County Master Gardeners that\nfeatures a variety of native plants, including many that were prized by the\nCherokee, as well as the original ferry site and multiple exhibits. Adults- $10Seniors / students - $5Days: Wednesday-Saturday Time: 10am-4pm ",[140,650,650,651,633],{"_74":647,"_137":648,"_138":649},[],"major ridge","Major Ridge","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ywl12zftiyv6qt08qostlm68li0a?variant=desktop","chieftain-s-museum-major-ridge-home","chieftain-museum-major-ridge-home",{"_107":664,"_104":24,"_137":648,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":665,"_151":666,"_35":667,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":665,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":647,"_163":-5},{"_107":654,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":655,"_151":656,"_35":657,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":655,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":658,"_163":-5},696,"16282695265.jpeg",{"_164":659,"_166":660,"_168":661,"_170":662,"_172":663},783,"Ridge Home","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ym80nk41vdjbroqghtratsshnoaq","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ym80nk41vdjbroqghtratsshnoaq?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ym80nk41vdjbroqghtratsshnoaq?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ym80nk41vdjbroqghtratsshnoaq?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ym80nk41vdjbroqghtratsshnoaq?variant=lqip",695,"16282694101.jpeg",{"_164":668,"_166":669,"_168":670,"_170":649,"_172":671},782,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ywl12zftiyv6qt08qostlm68li0a","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ywl12zftiyv6qt08qostlm68li0a?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ywl12zftiyv6qt08qostlm68li0a?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/ywl12zftiyv6qt08qostlm68li0a?variant=lqip",254,"vann-cherokee-cabin","Vann Cherokee Cabin",{"_35":632,"_65":633,"_74":634},{"_35":708,"_65":709,"_74":710},"24 Broad St, Cave Spring, GA 30124","

Website: Georgia's Rome Office of Tourism Cherokee Vann Cabin - Rome, Ga. - Georgia's Rome Office of Tourism (romegeorgia.org)

Phone: 800-444-1834,(note: this is not the number for the Vann Cabin specifically, but for the Rome Ga Office of Tourism.)

While the construction date of this cabin is disputed, it is generally dated to the early 19th century. The Cave Spring Historical Society interprets the cabin as the home of Avery Vann, who operated a ferry on the Coosa River. The 1832 land lottery plat, won by William Webster, does not list any structures.

This building is, however, typical of the type of structure that would have been found at the Cherokee settlement of Beaver Dam or Beaver Pond, which was formerly located at what is now the town of Cave Spring. Two outdoor exhibits interpret this community, which was a nexus of conflict along the Cherokee / Georgia frontier in the years leading up to the Removal. One incident involved Major Ridge and the Cherokee Light Horse, a kind of early Cherokee police force, who decided to burn structures in the town rather than let them be occupied by whites.

Even though the Cherokee Nation had been recognized as a\nsovereign power by white people since at least 1725 through treaties and other means, Georgia extended its laws\nover the Cherokee Nation in 1828, when gold was discovered there. In 1832, all Cherokee lands\nwere surveyed and distributed by lottery to white residents—violating several\nfederal treaties and a US Supreme Court ruling. The state of Georgia and\nPresident Andrew Jackson ignored all of these.

In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which\nenvisioned an exchange of land with the Indians that would move them west of the\nMississippi River. By the mid-1830s, the Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw had\narrived in present-day Oklahoma.

\n\n\n\n\n\n

The cabin itself has its own interesting\nhistory. In 2010, after decades of rumors, restoration workers peeled back the\nouter layers of the Green Hotel in Cave Spring, revealing the log structure that had been concealed by\nmore modern siding. It has since been restored to the way local people have imagined it would have appeared in the early 19th century.

The cabin is open daily to visitors from dawn to dusk.

",34.1069455,-85.3367302,[688,689],"Website: Georgia's Rome Office of Tourism Cherokee Vann Cabin - Rome, Ga. - Georgia's Rome Office of Tourism (romegeorgia. org)Phone: 800-444-1834,(note: this is not the number for the Vann Cabin specifically, but for the Rome Ga Office of Tourism.) While the construction date of this cabin is disputed, it is generally dated to the early 19th century. The Cave Spring Historical Society interprets the cabin as the home of Avery Vann, who operated a ferry on the Coosa River. The 1832 land lottery plat, won by William Webster, does not list any structures. This building is, however, typical of the type of structure that would have been found at the Cherokee settlement of Beaver Dam or Beaver Pond, which was formerly located at what is now the town of Cave Spring. Two outdoor exhibits interpret this community, which was a nexus of conflict along the Cherokee / Georgia frontier in the years leading up to the Removal. One incident involved Major Ridge and the Cherokee Light Horse, a kind of early Cherokee police force, who decided to burn structures in the town rather than let them be occupied by whites. Even though the Cherokee Nation had been recognized as a\nsovereign power by white people since at least 1725 through treaties and other means, Georgia extended its laws\nover the Cherokee Nation in 1828, when gold was discovered there. In 1832, all Cherokee lands\nwere surveyed and distributed by lottery to white residents—violating several\nfederal treaties and a US Supreme Court ruling. The state of Georgia and\nPresident Andrew Jackson ignored all of these. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which\nenvisioned an exchange of land with the Indians that would move them west of the\nMississippi River. By the mid-1830s, the Choctaw, Creek, and Chickasaw had\narrived in present-day Oklahoma.\n\n\n\n\n\nThe cabin itself has its own interesting\nhistory. In 2010, after decades of rumors, restoration workers peeled back the\nouter layers of the Green Hotel in Cave Spring, revealing the log structure that had been concealed by\nmore modern siding. It has since been restored to the way local people have imagined it would have appeared in the early 19th century. The cabin is open daily to visitors from dawn to dusk.",[140,673,673],{"_74":686,"_137":-5,"_138":687},[],"vann cabin.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4pfmceykijjk7bes4p08jc347uk2?variant=desktop",{"_107":700,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":701,"_151":702,"_35":703,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":701,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":686,"_163":-5},{"_107":690,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":691,"_151":692,"_35":693,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":691,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":694,"_163":-5},836,"16446050601.jpeg",{"_164":695,"_166":696,"_168":697,"_170":698,"_172":699},945,"Vann Cherokee Cabin.jfif","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/5g49w2pvv0u7nrwvbitu7oqd4k6x","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/5g49w2pvv0u7nrwvbitu7oqd4k6x?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/5g49w2pvv0u7nrwvbitu7oqd4k6x?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/5g49w2pvv0u7nrwvbitu7oqd4k6x?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/5g49w2pvv0u7nrwvbitu7oqd4k6x?variant=lqip",689,"16281975836.jpeg",{"_164":704,"_166":705,"_168":706,"_170":687,"_172":707},776,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4pfmceykijjk7bes4p08jc347uk2","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4pfmceykijjk7bes4p08jc347uk2?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4pfmceykijjk7bes4p08jc347uk2?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/4pfmceykijjk7bes4p08jc347uk2?variant=lqip",253,"cedar-town-encampment","Cedar Town Encampment",{"_35":672,"_65":673,"_74":674},{"_35":744,"_65":745,"_74":746},"101 Prior St, Cedartown, GA 30125, USA","

Phone: 770-748-3220

Website: VISIT – The City of\nCedartown Georgia

In 1802, the Compact of Georgia relinquished the state’s\nclaims to lands west of the Chattahoochee River in return for the federal\ngovernment’s pledge to remove all Indians from the state as soon as it could be\ndone practicably and peacefully. ‘Soon’ was less than forty years, and it\ndefinitely wasn’t peaceful.

The Cedar Town Encampment is the first of seven military\nsites you will visit on this tour. In order to streamline the process of\nremoving the Cherokee from northern Georgia, the United States Army utilized\nfourteen forts and camps, most of which were built specifically for this\npurpose. Cedar Town operated during the late spring and early summer of 1838\nand the militiamen stationed there rounded up over 200 Cherokee who lived in a\n10-mile radius of the camp. In June, all the Cherokee who could walk were\nmarched to New Echota, and the sick and elderly were loaded into army wagons\nand taken directly to southern Tennessee. By the end of the month, the company\nhad mustered out of military service.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Today, the historic marker is in Big Spring Park in\nCedartown, GA. It has two outdoor exhibits interpreting the removal camp. It is one of only a very few Removal camps and forts in Georgia that have been definitively located and commemorated.

Outdoor signage in park, and the park is open daily to visitors.

Fee: free

Hours: Dawn to dusk

",34.01312501,-85.2610438,[724,725],"Phone: 770-748-3220Website: VISIT – The City of\nCedartown GeorgiaIn 1802, the Compact of Georgia relinquished the state’s\nclaims to lands west of the Chattahoochee River in return for the federal\ngovernment’s pledge to remove all Indians from the state as soon as it could be\ndone practicably and peacefully. ‘Soon’ was less than forty years, and it\ndefinitely wasn’t peaceful. The Cedar Town Encampment is the first of seven military\nsites you will visit on this tour. In order to streamline the process of\nremoving the Cherokee from northern Georgia, the United States Army utilized\nfourteen forts and camps, most of which were built specifically for this\npurpose. Cedar Town operated during the late spring and early summer of 1838\nand the militiamen stationed there rounded up over 200 Cherokee who lived in a\n10-mile radius of the camp. In June, all the Cherokee who could walk were\nmarched to New Echota, and the sick and elderly were loaded into army wagons\nand taken directly to southern Tennessee. By the end of the month, the company\nhad mustered out of military service.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nToday, the historic marker is in Big Spring Park in\nCedartown, GA. It has two outdoor exhibits interpreting the removal camp. It is one of only a very few Removal camps and forts in Georgia that have been definitively located and commemorated. Outdoor signage in park, and the park is open daily to visitors. Fee: freeHours: Dawn to dusk",[140,709,709],{"_74":722,"_137":-5,"_138":723},[],"Cedar Town.jfif","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/nsvro5odhqe0frra4mnslwpbs7rh?variant=desktop",{"_107":736,"_104":24,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":737,"_151":738,"_35":739,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":737,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":722,"_163":-5},{"_107":726,"_104":144,"_137":-5,"_145":146,"_147":-5,"_148":-5,"_149":727,"_151":728,"_35":729,"_154":-5,"_155":156,"_157":727,"_158":159,"_160":161,"_74":730,"_163":-5},835,"16446042875.jpeg",{"_164":731,"_166":732,"_168":733,"_170":734,"_172":735},944,"Cedar town.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/91hs6myqmsjb8xdrj3evs6jmp7y5","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/91hs6myqmsjb8xdrj3evs6jmp7y5?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/91hs6myqmsjb8xdrj3evs6jmp7y5?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/91hs6myqmsjb8xdrj3evs6jmp7y5?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/91hs6myqmsjb8xdrj3evs6jmp7y5?variant=lqip",834,"16446042412.jpeg",{"_164":740,"_166":741,"_168":742,"_170":723,"_172":743},943,"https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/nsvro5odhqe0frra4mnslwpbs7rh","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/nsvro5odhqe0frra4mnslwpbs7rh?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/nsvro5odhqe0frra4mnslwpbs7rh?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/georgia-humanities/v4/public/media/nsvro5odhqe0frra4mnslwpbs7rh?variant=lqip",252,"the-cherokee-garden-at-green-meadows-preserve","The Cherokee Garden at Green Meadows Preserve",{"_35":708,"_65":709,"_74":710},"3780 Dallas Hwy, Marietta, GA 30064, USA","

Website: Friends of Green Meadows Preserve – Green Space in West Cobb County, Georgia

Email: friendsofgreenmeadows@gmail.com

\"Each tree, shrub, and herb, even down to the grasses and mosses, agreed to furnish a remedy for some one of the diseases named, and each said: I shall appear to help man when he calls upon me in need .... When the doctor is in doubt what treatment to apply for the relief of a patient, the spirit of the plant suggests to him the proper remedy.\" -- Anthropologist James Mooney, 1885

For centuries, the Cherokee people flourished,\nsupported by the vast forests and rich soil across the mountains and valleys of\nnorthwest Georgia. Generational knowledge of helpful and harmful flora and\nfauna allowed the Cherokee to create everything from wasp soup and bloodroot\ndye to sassafras tea and turtle-shell rattles.

Their culture thrived until the mid-18^th century,\nwhen the encroachment of white people from the east led to a depletion of\nresources. Deer, turkey, bison, and elk populations plummeted from overhunting\nand loss of habitat. While the Cherokee continued their traditional means of\ngathering foods, medicines, and materials, they also adopted European forms of\nagriculture and husbandry: clearing land for orchards and raising cattle,\ngoats, sheep, and pigs. Settlements\ntransformed from compact villages to towns that sprawled along rivers,\nreflections of their European counterparts.

The Cherokee people successfully transformed\ntheir self-sufficient, town-centered, subsistence-based nation into one that was more intimately interconnected with the emerging American colonies, both economically and culturally. Unfortunately, no matter how quickly or enthusiastically the Cherokee integrated these strategies, it became apparent that they would not be fully accepted into the emerging American nation.

When the Removal came in 1838, the Cherokee people were rounded up as they were found by the troops, in the fields at work, at stores, in the roads, and at home. Often no time was given to them to take anything with them. However, some did manage to take seeds and other items they would need to re-establish their traditional agriculture and medicine in their new home in the West. Heirloom seeds are still distributed annually amongst the Cherokee people.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

This garden, curated by the Cobb County Master Gardeners,\nfeatures over 400 historically and culturally significant plants that the\nCherokee used prior to their forced removal in 1838. These plants were valued\nfor medicine, food, crafts, weapons, and shelter, and each one is clearly\nlabeled with its name and usage. There is also a Cherokee vegetable garden.

Free, open from dusk till dawn

",33.952556,-84.666163,[761,762],33.95643662,-84.66168618,"Website: Friends of Green Meadows Preserve – Green Space in West Cobb County, GeorgiaEmail: friendsofgreenmeadows@gmail. com\"Each tree, shrub, and herb, even down to the grasses and mosses, agreed to furnish a remedy for some one of the diseases named, and each said: I shall appear to help man when he calls upon me in need .... When the doctor is in doubt what treatment to apply for the relief of a patient, the spirit of the plant suggests to him the proper remedy.\" -- Anthropologist James Mooney, 1885For centuries, the Cherokee people flourished,\nsupported by the vast forests and rich soil across the mountains and valleys of\nnorthwest Georgia. Generational knowledge of helpful and harmful flora and\nfauna allowed the Cherokee to create everything from wasp soup and bloodroot\ndye to sassafras tea and turtle-shell rattles. Their culture thrived until the mid-18th century,\nwhen the encroachment of white people from the east led to a depletion of\nresources. Deer, turkey, bison, and elk populations plummeted from overhunting\nand loss of habitat. While the Cherokee continued their traditional means of\ngathering foods, medicines, and materials, they also adopted European forms of\nagriculture and husbandry: clearing land for orchards and raising cattle,\ngoats, sheep, and pigs. Settlements\ntransformed from compact villages to towns that sprawled along rivers,\nreflections of their European counterparts. The Cherokee people successfully transformed\ntheir self-sufficient, town-centered, subsistence-based nation into one that was more intimately interconnected with the emerging American colonies, both economically and culturally. Unfortunately, no matter how quickly or enthusiastically the Cherokee integrated these strategies, it became apparent that they would not be fully accepted into the emerging American nation. When the Removal came in 1838, the Cherokee people were rounded up as they were found by the troops, in the fields at work, at stores, in the roads, and at home. Often no time was given to them to take anything with them. However, some did manage to take seeds and other items they would need to re-establish their traditional agriculture and medicine in their new home in the West. Heirloom seeds are still distributed annually amongst the Cherokee people.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThis garden, curated by the Cobb County Master Gardeners,\nfeatures over 400 historically and culturally significant plants that the\nCherokee used prior to their forced removal in 1838. These plants were valued\nfor medicine, food, crafts, weapons, and shelter, and each one is clearly\nlabeled with its name and usage. There is also a Cherokee vegetable garden. 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